A Federal Court judge on Tuesday found neither man had made out valid defences for a series of defamatory public statements in 2020.

Justice Michael Lee ordered Palmer to pay $20,000 in damages to WA’s Labor premier, with costs to be determined at a hearing next week.

He noted there was a “glaring disproportion” between the damages awarded and the considerable cost of the legal proceedings to both Palmer and WA taxpayers who are set to foot the bill for the premier’s involvement.

“The game has not been worth the candle,” Justice Lee said.

Palmer in 2020 sued McGowan, claiming public comments the premier had made about him – including labelling him an “enemy of the state” – had damaged his reputation.

The Queensland businessman sought aggravated damages which would have allowed for a payout above the $432,500 cap.

He accused McGowan of being consumed by malice and seeking to “blacken his name at every opportunity”.

But Justice Lee found while the insults against Palmer could not be considered trivial, they ultimately caused very little damage to his reputation.

McGowan, who counter-sued for defamation, had made his own appeal for aggravated damages.

Lee said McGowan had had a “bully pulpit” as highly popular premier and Palmer’s attacks on him, including claims he had acted corruptly, had probably only enhanced his reputation.

He described the premier as generally an impressive witness but noted he had evaded answers to questions.

The judge was more critical of Palmer’s testimony, saying it appeared the billionaire had been willing to “fashion his evidence” to best suit his case.

It emerged in 2020 that Palmer was seeking up to $30 billion in damages over a 2012 decision by the former Liberal state government not to assess his proposed Balmoral South iron ore project.

The McGowan government subsequently rushed through extraordinary legislation to prevent Palmer from suing the state.

In his evidence, Palmer said he was scared because provisions in the legislation protected the government from criminal prosecution.

Referring to the fictional character James Bond and his “licence to kill”, Palmer told the court: “I didn’t know what the limits might be.”

Lee described this claim as being so outlandish that it undermined Palmer’s entire testimony.

The judge was also critical of WA attorney-general John Quigley, who was forced to give evidence a second time after admitting he made errors in his initial testimony.

Lee described Quigley’s evidence as “confused and confusing” but stopped short of calling him a dishonest witness.

In private text messages made public during the trial, McGowan described Palmer as “the worst Australian who’s not in jail”.

Quigley privately labelled Mr Palmer a “big fat liar”.

The parties will return to court on August 11 to deal with costs arising from the proceedings.